It’s not in the papers but a silent revolution is moving across the world. Renewable energy is becoming cheaper than from fossil fuels. It means that progressively the choice for wind and solar energy is no longer an ethical one but an economic one. And this will speed up the transfer to renewable energy.

In countries like Brazil, Australia, Chile and parts of the United States people consider renewable energy because of financial reasons. The price of solar and wind energy will continue to drop and in more countries renewable energy will occur.

A surprising newcomer on the market is Morocco, where the government expects that in 2020 more than 40 percent of the energy could come from solar energy.

Originally broadcasted by VPRO in 2016.
© VPRO Backlight March 2016

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In which John Green teaches you about Iran's Revolutions. Yes, revolutions plural. What was the1979 Iranian Revolution about? It turns out, Iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put power in the hands of the people, and the most recent revolution in 1979 was, at least at first, not necessarily about creating an Islamic state. It certainly turned out to be about that, but it was initially just about people who wanted to get rid of an oppressive regime. Listen up as John teaches you about Iran's long history of revolution.

Citation 1: Caryl, Christian. Strange Rebels: 1979 and the Birth of the 21st Century. New York, Basic Books. 2014, p. 11
Citation 2: Axworthy, Michael, Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. Oxford U. Press. 2014, p. 62
Citation 3: Quoted in Axworthy, p. 81
Citation 4: Axworthy, p. 114
Citation 5: Axworthy, p. 163

The Byzantine army, Dark to Golden age
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Sources
Romano-Byzantine armies 4th-9th Centuries (David Nicolle)
Larousse Encyclopedia of Ancient and Medieval History(Marcel Dunan)
the late roman infantryman (Simon MacDowall)
Byzantium beyond the golden gate
fall of the west (John Lambshead)
Late Roman Cavalryman (simon macdowall)
Tags:
Byzantine history, Byzantine, Byzantine documentary, Eastern Roman , Byzantine army, ancient history, Byzantine Cataphract, Byzantine roman, history, Bulgaria Byzantium, Byzantine military, Byzantine legion, Byzantine empire, fall Byzantine, ancient, Rome,Constantinople, byzantine empire documentary, crash course byzantine empire, Byzantium, byzantine army structure, Byzantine vs Roman, theme system, theme byzantine, Roman tactics, Byzantine tactics, eastern Roman empire

We’ve introduced the 0th and 1st laws of thermodynamics, so now it’s time to move on to the second law and how we came to understand it. We’ll explain the differences between the first and second law, and we’ll talk about the Carnot cycle and why we can never design a perfectly efficient engine.

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***

RESOURCES:
http://www.thedrive.com/tech/18919/toyota-develops-worlds-most-thermally-efficient-2-0-liter-engine
https://newsroom.toyota.co.jp/en/powertrain2018/engine/
https://www.gepower.com/content/dam/gepower-pgdp/global/en_US/documents/product/gas%20turbines/Fact%20Sheet/7ha-fact-sheet-oct15.pdf
http://www.gasturbineworld.com/ge-7ha.html
https://www.livescience.com/50941-second-law-thermodynamics.html
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/energy-and-enzymes/the-laws-of-thermodynamics/a/the-laws-of-thermodynamics
http://www.zo.utexas.edu/courses/thoc/Thermodynamics.html
http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node80.html
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sadi-Carnot-French-scientist
https://www.britannica.com/science/Carnot-cycle
http://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Thermal_efficiency
https://www.britannica.com/science/entropy-physics
Çengel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Boles. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach. 8th ed., McGraw-Hill Education.

***

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Errors: I made an off hand comment about adding efficiencies in the video without thinking. This is obviously incorrect, but the final calculation does in fact multiply the efficiencies.

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Scientists in the nineteenth century discovered a lot about life and matter. But exactly what kind of stuff is the human brain? That one was—and is—tricky.

The brain sciences—with experiments and therapies tied to biological theories of the body—emerged in the nineteenth century and came into their own in the early twentieth.

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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/is-radiation-dangerous-matt-anticole

When we hear the word radiation, it’s tempting to picture huge explosions and frightening mutations. But that’s not the full story — radiation also applies to rainbows and a doctor examining an X-ray. So what is it, really, and how much should we worry about its effects? Matt Anticole describes the different types of radiation.

Lesson by Matt Anticole, animation by Tinmouse Animation Studio.

15 Jobs That Will Thrive in the Future | Sunday Motivation
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In this Alux.com video we'll try to answer the following questions:
Which jobs will survive in the future?
What will be the best paying jobs in the future?
What are the best careers for the future?
Which jobs will not be affected by Artificial Intelligence?
Which jobs are safe from automation?
Which will be the best paying jobs in the future?
How to prepare for A.I.?
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Nov.06 -- Aliko Dangote, president and chief executive officer of Dangote Industries Ltd., Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, CEO of Abu Dhabi National Oil Co., Josephine Wapakabulo, CEO of Uganda's National Oil Co., and Darren Woods, CEO of Exxon Mobil Corp., discuss the outlook for oil production with Bloomberg New Energy Finance's Nat Bullard at the Bloomberg New Economy Forum in Singapore on Nov. 6, 2018.

These are ten most promising alternative energy sources of tomorrow.

It’s a really exciting time to be alive. We have a front row seat to the only known transformation of a world powered by dirty fossil fuels, to a planet that gets its energy from renewable, clean sources. It’s happening just once, right now.

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10. Space-based solar power
http://energy.gov/articles/space-based-solar-power
9. Human Power
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-harness-human-power-electricity/
8. Tidal Power
http://www.renewablegreenenergypower.com/wave-energy-facts/
7. Hydrogen (fuel cells)
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter20.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen-powered_aircraft
6. Geothermal heat from underground lava beds
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy#Electricity
https://theconversation.com/drilling-surprise-opens-door-to-volcano-powered-electricity-22515
5. Nuclear Waste
http://nautil.us/issue/7/waste/our-nuclear-waste-is-a-goldmine
http://gehitachiprism.com/
4. Solar windows
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics
http://renewableresourcesinc.com/10-interesting-facts-about-solar-energy/#.VAtud2RdVB8
3. Bio-fuels (algae)
http://cleantechnica.com/2014/08/20/alabama-gets-first-world-carbon-negative-algae-biofuel/
http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html
2. Flying wind farms
http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/high-flying-turbine-produces-more-power-0515
http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3
1. Nuclear fusion
http://www.americansecurityproject.org/10-key-facts-about-nuclear-fusion/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITER#Timeline_and_current_status
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/bulletin/nuclear-fusion-from-google-lockheed-draper-fisher/

This video profiles the alternative energy sources of the future and the areas of energy development.

Check out our recent series on the solutions to stop Global Warming:
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In which John Green teaches you the history of Christianity, from the beginnings of Judaism and the development of monotheism, right up to Paul and how Christianity stormed the Roman Empire in just a few hundred years. Along the way, John will cover Abram/Abraham, the Covenant, the Roman Occupation of Judea, and the birth, life, death and legacy of Jesus of Nazareth. No flame wars! Let's keep the commentary civil.

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How much land mass would renewables need to power a nation like the UK? An entire country's worth. In this pragmatic talk, David MacKay tours the basic mathematics that show worrying limitations on our sustainable energy options and explains why we should pursue them anyway. (Filmed at TEDxWarwick.)

Lesson by David MacKay.